The Atlantic tripletail or tripletail (Lobotes surinamensis) is a warm-water marine fish found across the tropics; it can grow to 90 cm long and weigh 18 kg. It is also known by fishermen by names like flasher or steamboat. Young fishes float on their sides, often beside flotsam, and appear like a dry leaf. In Indonesia, the local name is called KakapHitam  Laut or similar as Black Barramundi which is commonly consumed by its similar appearance as Lates calcalifers-Baramundi


The Atlantic tripletail is the only fish in the Lobotidae family that can be found in the Atlantic Ocean. It is, however, distributed across tropical seas especially Indonesia region which is commonly found in wet market in Pontianak, West Borneo.

In US waters, Atlantic tripletails are found from Massachusetts and Bermuda to Argentina, the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea, from Madeira Island to the Gulf of Guinea, the eastern Pacific from Costa Rica to Peru, and the western Pacific from Japan to Fiji and Tuvalu. They are rarely found north of Chesapeake Bay. They are found on the Gulf Coast from April to October and then migrate to warmer waters during winter. In the spring, tripletails concentrate just offshore of two particular spots: Port Canaveral, Florida (March–June) and Jekyll Island, Georgia (April–July).


Atlantic tripletails are found coastally in most, but not all, tropical and subtropical seas. They are semimigratorial and pelagic. Normally solitary, they have been known to form schools. They can be found in bays, sounds, and estuaries during the summer. Juveniles are usually found swimming under patches of Sargassum algae. In the Gulf of Mexico, adults are usually found in open water, but can also be found in passes, inlets, and bays near river mouths. Large adults are sometimes found near the surface over deep, open water, although always associated with floating objects. Young fishes are also often found in or near shipwrecks, beams or supports, jetties, flotsam and sea buoys. Fry are usually found in waters that exceed 84 °F (29 °C), greater than 3.3‰ salinity, and more than 230 feet (70 m) deep.

Tripletails are well known for their unusual behavior of floating just beneath the surface with one side exposed, mimicking a leaf or floating debris. This is thought to be a feeding strategy because of the locality of their prey items and the floating structures associated with this behavior. The behavior has resulted in a rapidly increasing incidence of recreational fishermen sight-fishing for the floating tripletails, resulting in severe bag and length restrictions in Florida and Georgia to ensure future populations.

Distinctive features
The Atlantic tripletail has scales that extend onto its dorsal, anal, and caudal fins and a head profile that concaves as the fish ages. It has a compressed but deep body with a triangle-shaped head. The eyes are small, but the mouth is large. The bases of the dorsal and anal fins are scaled and the pectoral fins are shorter than the pelvic fins. The name "tripletail" is given because of the fish's three rounded fins: dorsal, caudal, and anal.

Coloration
Juvenile Atlantic tripletails are colored a mottled yellow, brown, and black. Adults are jet black. When it lies on its side at the surface, the tripletail is sometimes confused for a floating mangrove leaf. The juveniles have white pectoral fins and a white margin on their caudal fins. Adult tripletails have varied mottled color patterns which range from dark brown to reddish brown, often with a tint of gray.

Size, age, and growth
The Atlantic tripletail grows to 35 in (89 cm) in length and weighs up to 41 lb.

Diet
Atlantic tripletails are opportunistic eaters; they feed on a variety of foods, mostly small finfish such as gulf menhaden, Atlantic bumpers, and anchovies. They also feed on invertebrates such as blue crabs and brown shrimp, as well as other benthic crustaceans.

Reproduction
Spawning primarily occurs in the summer along both the Atlantic and the U. Gulf of Mexico coasts, with peaks during July and August. Large congregations of tripletails during the summer months in the inshore and nearshore waters of coastal Georgia suggest this area is a critical estuarian spawning habitat for the species. Larval Atlantic tripletails go through four levels of development; preflexion, flexion, postflexion, and transformation. By the time the larvae reach 0.16 in (4 mm), they have large eyes and concave heads. The larval forms of Atlantic tripletails resemble those of boarfishes, some jacks, spadefishes, and bass.

Predators
Atlantic tripletails do not have many predators, but the main ones are sharks and larger teleosts.

Parasites
Parasites of the tripletail include the copepods Anuretes heckelii which affects the branchial cavities, Lernanthropus pupa which affects the gill filaments, and Scianophilus tenius.

Importance to humans
A few tons of Atlantic tripletails are fished commercially on the east and west coasts o


Atlantic tripletail, tripletail, Lobotes surinamensis, pesce foglia, 松鲷, আটলান্টিক তিনলেজা কই, 백미돔, Kakap batèe, Poyo, Cá rô biển, ปลากะพงดำ, Kayapkap, Driestert, Суринам лоботу, ماهی سه‌دمی اطلس, Lobotes, Holocentrus surinamensis, לובוטיים, Dreischwanzbarsche, 백미돔속, سمكة الشبارة

سمكة الشبارة  هي من الأسماك البحرية تعيش  في المحيطات المفتوحة، والمحيط الأطلسي وساحل أمريكا وشواطئ البحر الأبيض المتوسط و المحيط الهادئ . فهي  تؤكل من قبل أسماك القرش و الأسماك العظمية
الأنواع المعروفة حاليًا من هذا الجنس هي:
Lobotes pacificus C. H. Gilbert, 1898 (Pacific tripletail)
Lobotes surinamensis (Bloch, 1790) (Atlantic tripletail)
يصل طولها إلى 90 سم ووزنها 18 كجم. وتطفو الأسماك الصغيرة منها على جوانبها ، وغالبًا ما تكون بجانب الحطام ، وتظهر وكأنها ورقة جافة.
تتغذى على الاسماك الصغيرة والقشريات
سمكة ذات رأس صغير وعريضة الجسم
لها جسم دائري مع زعنفة ظهرية  كبيرة مستقيمة تنحني في النهاية وذيل كبير مع زعنفة كبيرة. وزعانف الرأس والصدر صغيرة .

التكاثر  في الصيف على طول سواحل المحيط الأطلسي وساحل خليج المكسيك ،

يتم صيد بضعة أطنان منها تعلى السواحل الشرقية والغربية لفلوريدا ، وتسويقها طازجة أو مجمدة أو مملحة. ويتم صيدها بالشباك ، والطعم


Atlantic tripletail, tripletail, Lobotes surinamensis, pesce foglia, 松鲷, আটলান্টিক তিনলেজা কই, 백미돔, Kakap batèe, Poyo, Cá rô biển, ปลากะพงดำ, Kayapkap, Driestert, Суринам лоботу, ماهی سه‌دمی اطلس, Lobotes, Holocentrus surinamensis, לובוטיים, Dreischwanzbarsche, 백미돔속, سمكة الشبارة

The lesser goldfinch (Spinus psaltria) is a very small songbird of the Americas. Together with its relatives the American goldfinch and Lawrence's goldfinch, it forms the American goldfinches clade in the genus Spinus sensu stricto.

The American goldfinches can be distinguished by the males having a black (rarely green) forehead, whereas the latter is (like the rest of the face) red or yellow in the European goldfinch and its relatives. North American males are markedly polymorphic and 5 subspecies are often named; at least 2 of them seem to represent a less-progressed stage in evolution however.

It is 10 to 11 centimeters in length and weighs 9 grams
Males are bright yellow below with a glossy black cap and white patches in the wings; their backs can be glossy black or dull green (particularly on the West Coast). They have a black tail with large, white corners. Females and immatures have olive backs, dull yellow underparts, and black wings marked by two whitish wingbars.


Behavior
Lesser Goldfinches gather in groups of up to several hundred at a time. They feed on seeds and grains, both in weedy fields and at bird feeders. Their flocks mix with other seed-eating songbirds, especially at bird feeding stations.

Habitat
Lesser Goldfinches feed in weedy fields, budding treetops, and the brush of open areas and edges. Depending on food availability, they may concentrate in mountain canyons and desert oases, but they are also fairly common in suburbs.


Diet
Mostly seeds, some insects. Majority of diet at all seasons consists of seeds. Especially favors those of the daisy (composite) family, such as thistle and wild sunflower, also seeds of various weeds. Also feeds on flowers and buds of trees (such as cottonwoods) and on some berries. Eats some insects, especially in summer, mainly small ones such as aphids. Will feed on salt.


Nesting
In warmer parts of Southwest, breeding season may extend over much of year from early spring to mid-autumn. In courtship, male feeds female; performs display flight with wings and tail spread widely, fluttering rapidly while singing. Nest: Usually placed in vertical fork of twigs in shrub or tree, 5-30' above the ground, sometimes higher in tree or very low in bushes or dense weeds. Nest (built mostly or entirely by female) is a compact open cup woven of grass, plant fibers, strips of bark, lined with plant down.

Eggs
4 to 5, sometimes 3 to 6. Pale blue to pale blue-green, usually unmarked. Incubation is by female only, about 12 days. Male may feed female during incubation. Young: Both parents feed the nestlings. Age at which young leave nest is not well known. 2 broods per year, perhaps sometimes 3.


Young
Both parents feed the nestlings. Age at which young leave nest is not well known. 2 broods per year, perhaps sometimes 3.

Catalan: cadernera menuda
Czech: čížek mexický, Stehlík menší
Danish: Mexicosisken
German: Mexikanerzeisig, Mexikozeisig
English: Arkansas Finch, Arkansas Goldfinch, Dark-backed Goldfinch, Green-backed Goldfinch, Lesser Goldfinch, Mexican Goldfinch
Spanish: Canario, canario yucateco, Dominico Dorsioscuro, Dominiquito de Dorso Oscuro, Jilguerito Dominico, Jilguero Aliblanco, Jilguero Dominico, Jilguero dorsioscuro, Jilguero Menor, Jilguero Minor, Verdecillo Menor
Spanish (Colombia): Jilguero Aliblanco
Spanish (Costa Rica): Jilguero menor, Jilguero Minor
Spanish (Ecuador): Jilguero dorsioscuro
Spanish (Spain): Jilguero Menor
Spanish (Honduras): Canario
Spanish (Mexico): canario yucateco, Dominico Dorsioscuro, Jilguerito Dominico, jilguero dominico, Jilguero Dorsioscuro
Spanish (Nicaragua): Verdecillo Menor
Spanish (Panama): Jilguero Menor
Spanish (Peru): Jilguero Menor
Spanish (Venezuela): Capa Negra, Chirulí
Estonian: väikesiisike
Finnish: Pikkutikli
French: Chardonneret mineur, Tarin à dos noir, Tarin de l'Arkansas
Hungarian: kis aranypinty
Italian: Cardellino minore, Lucherino dorsonero, Lucherino minore americano
Japanese: himekinhiwa
Japanese: ヒメキンヒワ
Latin: Astragalinus psaltria, Carduelis psaltria, Carduelis psaltria psaltria, Fringilla psaltria, Spinus psaltria
Lithuanian: Meksikinis alksninukas
Latvian: mazais dadzītis
Dutch: Kleine Geelvink, Witbandsijs
Norwegian: Småstillits
Polish: czyz maly, czyż mały
Portuguese: Pintassilgo-pequeno
Russian: Малый чиж, Мексиканский чиж
Slovak: stehlík spevavý
Serbian: Mali američki čižak
Swedish: Småsiska
Turkish: Koyu-sırtlı Saka
Chinese: 暗背金翅雀
Chinese (Traditional): 暗背金翅雀




Lesser Goldfinch, Mexikozeisig, Jilguero Menor, Chardonneret mineur, Mexicosisken, pikkutikli, Cardellino minore, ヒメキンヒワ, Witbandsijs, Småstillits, czyz maly, Pintassilgo-pequeno, Малый чиж, stehlík spevavý, småsiska, 暗背金翅雀, cadernera menuda, väikesiisike, kis aranypinty, Spinus psaltria, Meksikinis alksninukas, Mali američki čižak, Småsiska, Koyu-sırtlı Saka, طائر الحسون الأصغر, himekinhiwa

The buff-breasted babbler (Pellorneum tickelli) is a species of bird in the family Pellorneidae. It is found in Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest.

Body length 13-15 cm. Featureless smallish babbler, warm brown above, warm buff below, with whitish belly, no grey on face. Nominate race has rufescent-brown crown with faint buff


His voice is loud, sharp and fast, and his voice sometimes repeats without interruption


It feeds on insects including beetles. Found in pairs; sometimes associates with other small babblers.

Breeding
Mar–Jul generally; multi-brooded. Nest a domed, semi-domed or deep cup, made of dry bamboo or other leaves, fine grasses and thin
Bengali: খয়রাবুক ছাতারে
Catalan: matinera de Tickell
Czech: timálie indomalajská, Timálie Tickellova
Danish: Lysbrystet Drosseltimalie
German: Rostbrust-Erdtimalie, Rostbrust-Mausdrossling, Rotbrust-Maustimalie
English: Buff breasted Babbler, Buff-breasted Babbler, Buff-breasted jungle babbler, Mountain Brown Babbler, Tickell's Babbler, Tickell's Brown Babbler, Tickell's Jungle Babbler
Spanish: Charlatán del Bosque de la Espesura, Tordina de Tickell
Spanish (Spain): Tordina de Tickell
Finnish: Viidakkotimali
French: Akalat de Tickell, Timalie de Tickell
Indonesian: Burung Pelanduk Buettikofer, Pelanduk buttikofer
Italian: Garrulo della giungla di Tickell, Garrulo di Tickell, Garrulo pettofulvo
Japanese: cha-iro muji chime-dori, chairomujichimedori, chamunemujichimedori
Japanese: チャイロムジチメドリ, チャムネムジチメドリ
Japanese (Kanji): 茶色無地知目鳥
Latin: Pellorneum buettikoferi, Pellorneum tickelli, Pellorneum tickelli tickelli, Pellornium [sic] Tickelli, Trichastoma tickelli
Lithuanian: Tikelio dirvinė timalija
Malay: Burung Rimba Bukit, Burung Rimba Ranting
Dutch: Tickell-jungletimalia, Tickells Jungletimalia
Norwegian: Bruntimal
Polish: dzunglak plowy, Dżunglak płowy
Pinyin: zōng-xiōng yǎ-méi
Russian: Рыжегрудая мышиная тимелия
Slovak: dudroš plavý
Swedish: Ljusbröstad trasttimalia, tickelltimalia
Thai: นกกินแมลงป่าอกสีน้ำตาล
Thai (Transliteration): nók kin-ma-laeeŋ pàa òk-sĭi-nám-taan
Vietnamese: Chim Chuối tiêu đất, Chuối tiêu đất
Chinese: 棕胸幽鹛, 棕胸雅鹛
Chinese (Traditional): 棕胸幽鶥, 棕胸雅鶥

ثرثار برتقالي الصدر هو نوع من الطيور من فصيلة حيتليات أو ثرثارات أرضية أو مبربرة أرضية. يتواجد في بنغلاديش ، كمبوديا ، الصين ، الهند ، لاوس ، ماليزيا ، ميانمار ، تايلاند ، و فيتنام . موائلها الطبيعية الغابات الشبه الاستوائية والرطبة شبه المدارية أو الاستوائية والغابات الجبلية الرطبة شبه الاستوائية أو الاستوائية .
وغابات دائمة الخضرة والخيزران

طول الجسم 13-15 سم
ريشه بني باهت أعلاه ، وبرتقالي باهت أدناه ، وبطن مبيض، ورمادي على الوجه
صوته عالي وحاد ومكرر  بسرعة ، وصوته يتكرر أحيانًا دون انقطاع

يتغذى على الحشرات بما في ذلك الخنافس

العش كأسًا مقببًا أو شبه قبة أو عميق ، مصنوعًا من الخيزران الجاف أو أوراقًا أخرى ، وأعشابًا رفيعة ، ورقيقة

بنغالية : খয়রাবুক ছাতারে
كاتالانية : matinera de Tickell
تشيكية : timálie indomalajská, Timálie Tickellova
الدانماركية: Lysbrystet Drosseltimalie
ألمانية : Rostbrust-Erdtimalie, Rostbrust-Mausdrossling, Rotbrust-Maustimalie
إنجليزية : Buff breasted Babbler, Buff-breasted Babbler, Buff-breasted jungle babbler, Mountain Brown Babbler, Tickell's Babbler, Tickell's Brown Babbler, Tickell's Jungle Babbler
إسبانية : Charlatán del Bosque de la Espesura, Tordina de Tickell
Spanish (Spain): Tordina de Tickell
فنلندية : Viidakkotimali
فرنسية : Akalat de Tickell, Timalie de Tickell
أندونيسية : Burung Pelanduk Buettikofer, Pelanduk buttikofer
إيطالية : Garrulo della giungla di Tickell, Garrulo di Tickell, Garrulo pettofulvo
يابانية : cha-iro muji chime-dori, chairomujichimedori, chamunemujichimedori
اليابانية: チャイロムジチメドリ, チャムネムジチメドリ
Japanese (Kanji): 茶色無地知目鳥
لاتينية : Pellorneum buettikoferi, Pellorneum tickelli, Pellorneum tickelli tickelli, Pellornium [sic] Tickelli, Trichastoma tickelli
ليتوانية : Tikelio dirvinė timalija
ماليزية : Burung Rimba Bukit, Burung Rimba Ranting
هولندية : Tickell-jungletimalia, Tickells Jungletimalia
نرويجية : Bruntimal
بولندية : dzunglak plowy, Dżunglak płowy
Pinyin: zōng-xiōng yǎ-méi
روسية : Рыжегрудая мышиная тимелия
سلوفاكية : dudroš plavý
سويدية : Ljusbröstad trasttimalia, tickelltimalia
تايلاندية : นกกินแมลงป่าอกสีน้ำตาล
Thai (Transliteration): nók kin-ma-laeeŋ pàa òk-sĭi-nám-taan
فييتنامية : Chim Chuối tiêu đất, Chuối tiêu đất
صينية : 棕胸幽鹛, 棕胸雅鹛
Chinese (Traditional): 棕胸幽鶥, 棕胸雅鶥


Buff-breasted babbler, Rostbrust-Erdtimalie, Akalat de Tickell, Tordina de Tickell, timálie indomalajská, Lysbrystet Drosseltimalie, viidakkotimali, Garrulo di Tickell, チャムネムジチメドリ, Tickells Jungletimalia, Bruntimal, dzunglak plowy, Рыжегрудая мышиная тимелия, dudroš plavý, tickelltimalia, 棕胸幽鹛, খয়রাবুক ছাতারে, matinera de Tickell, Burung Pelanduk Buettikofer, Pellorneum tickelli, Tikelio dirvinė timalija, Burung Rimba Bukit, นกกินแมลงป่าอกสีน้ำตาล, Chim Chuối tiêu đất